A tripeptide with exceptionally high affinity for copper(II). GHK occurs naturally in plasma and declines with age. The copper complex modulates expression of a broad set of genes involved in extracellular matrix remodelling, and stimulates collagen and glycosaminoglycan synthesis in dermal fibroblasts. Copper delivery appears central to the activity.
The best-supported member of the repair group, and specifically for topical cosmetic use. Controlled studies report improvements in skin appearance, dermal thickness, and photodamage measures. Widely used in commercial skincare. Evidence for systemic or injected use is not comparable.
Used as a cosmetic ingredient in the US, which requires no FDA pre-approval. Not an FDA-approved drug. Cosmetic status covers topical appearance claims only — not therapeutic or systemic use.
Topical use has a long commercial record and is generally well tolerated. Injected use raises copper-loading considerations and is not supported by the cosmetic evidence base.
Forge Bioenergy does not publish dosing, reconstitution, or administration protocols for any peptide. See our editorial policy for why. If you are considering any substance on this page, that conversation belongs with a licensed physician.
Regulatory status changes. This page reflects our reading of public sources as of July 2026 and should be independently verified before it is relied upon.